Saturday, October 5, 2019
Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 179
Assignment Example The topic of discussion is poverty. Poverty refers to condition where an individual is deficient of some material possession (Espejo, 2012). It is a situation where individuals cannot meet basic needs, that is, food, shelter and clothing. In general poverty is comprised of two types: Absolute poverty-is where individuals are unable to raise the bare minimum essential for provision of his basic needs in a particular area (Espejo, 2012). It attempts to measure individual’s ability to afford living in a particular area. Those persons who cannot raise the bare minimum required to provide basic needs in a specific region are considered to be living in absolute poverty. Context of the problem is why cutting poverty is good for a country. Millions of adults and children in most countries around the world live in extreme poverty. They face economic hardship. Cutting on overall rate of poverty is thereby a public good that will come as a benefit to citizens of a country at all income level. Reducing nation’s poverty level will save a country economy billion dollars as it saves the government limited resources that would be channeled to poverty related issues such as health care costs and criminal-justice expenditures (Sachs, 2005). The resources saved could be used to invest in areas that promote economic growth. Multinational companies-these companies have a role of addressing pressing social problems such as absolute poverty in host countries. Multinational corporations play a big role in eradicating poverty by providing employment to citizens, participating in community development projects and industrial training programmers to the youths. External development partners –majorly comprise of World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF).These institutions work to connect extensively their lending operations to the country strategies and measures for cutting poverty.IMF and World Bank also offer policy advice
Friday, October 4, 2019
Promoting mental wellbeing amongst older adults Essay
Promoting mental wellbeing amongst older adults - Essay Example Below one can see a health strategy to promote mental wellbeing among older adults of a country. Strategy to Promote Mental Well being of Older Adults First and foremost , there should be provision in the health and social welfare policy to allot more funding and financial services to health centers which exclusively for older adults with mental illness. The government should increase the awareness among public regarding the mental well being of an older adult, so that they become alert and conscious regarding their food habits, exercise and lifestyle. Mental ill health could be due to a disability or serious physical illness, so the older citizens should be educated more about various diseases. The informal carers should be encourages and supported in the right manner, so that they feel motivated to take care of the older diseases citizen of the society. â€Å"Informal support groups are not provided by law but are volunteers ‘who offer to do something without charging a feeà ¢â‚¬ (Fischer, 2003,pg.13).Same should be done to formal carers as well as they are the part of social support group. The poor and secluded old people should be given social benefits like, income support and other medical benefits so that they do not feel dejected and ignored. This can fill a great gap in their life from being helpless and destitute. The older citizen should be alerted about the bad consequences of drugs, alcohol and other addictive substances to avoid misuse of them .Drug, alcohol abuse are due to the stress factor and they should be warned against this action. – As per, (SHFWP,2009) â€Å"Homelessness, refugee status, discrimination, having a physical disability all increase the risk, as do family factors (e.g. partner violence), drug and alcohol problems and lack of social support from others†. The non –profit organization which work for the welfare of the mental health of older adults should be given monetary benefits to encourage them in introducing programs which can aid old people with mental disease to improve their health. A strong strategic and leadership role should be undertaken by local government, working in partnership with other agencies, particularly the health centers, to ensure a wide range of effective programs to meet the needs of mentally ill old people. According to (Barnes2010)â€Å"Encouraging the development of new service models and utilizing new the opportunities afforded by emerging technologies to deliver the best outcomes for adult social care†. This will help in giving better and quality medical services to old aged who is mentally ill. Critical Evaluation of Contribution of Social Policy Mainly most of the developed countries have a well defined Social and health polices but when it comes to the implementation, it is not up to the mark. They put forward various programs and strategies to maintain and upgrade the mental and physical health of the older citizen, but when it comes to practice less is done. (Hasenfield,1991,pg.451-479) writes that â€Å"It is argued that policy output is determined by the organizational systems which develop as a result of technological specifications, economic considerations, and power relations†. So the government should create plans and policies according to the technology, economic condition and financial budget of the country. The living condition of an old aged person who is mentally il
Thursday, October 3, 2019
Contemporary Developments in Psychology and Counseling Essay Example for Free
Contemporary Developments in Psychology and Counseling Essay Every human behavior includes in an events and activities that a human being show in his lifetime. Human’s intelligence and creativeness produced great inventions that prolong human lives and make living on this earth convenient. But at the same time human intelligence have produced life threatening inventions that can take away lives at the press of a button. In other words, men nurtures and protect his fellow human and at the same time destroys them. And so with these, we became curious. â€Å"Why do people behave the way they do?†with these problem we can now enter the world of Psychology. Psychology nowadays is universally defined as the science of scientific study of behavior and mental processes. And under this field of Psychology there are major areas which are the biopsychology, experimental psychology, developmental and personality psychology, health clinical and counseling psychology and social-industrial-organizational consumer and cross cultural psychology. And under this field we have the cognitive learning which assumes that learning results from thinking and other mental processes. Cognitive learning grew from a combination of Gestalt psychology and Behavioral Psychology. Cognitive Perspective focuses on how a person knows, understands and thinks about his or her environment. The Development of Cognitive Learning was according to the theory of Jean Piaget a Swiss Psychologist. He states that mental development undergoes different stages from birth until adolescence when a person acquired most of the cognitive functions. Some scientist also made their studies about the so-called Cognitive learning. Like Edward Tolman and Wolfgang Kohler. According to Tolman all organisms are capable of thinking. He believes that organisms takes in the information and use it to adapt to its environment. While Kohler experiment on insight of learning. He suggested that cognitive processes play an important role in learning. Insights are formed suddenly and transferred immediately to other similar problems. There are two steps in the process of cognitive interpretation in emotions. The interpretation of stimuli from the environment The interpretation of stimuli from the body to autonomic arousal As the first method says it means that individuals are not affected by the events but by the interpretation of the individuals on these situations. While the second method means the interpretation of within the body stimuli resulting to autonomic arousal. Another thing, Psychologists categorizes the diverse fields of Psychology under different models, approaches and perspectives. And these are seven perspectives; these are the evolutionary perspective, psychodynamic perspective, behavioral perspective, cognitive perspective, humanistic perspective, biological perspective or neurobiological perspective and neuropsychological perspective. These perspectives help Psychologists to organize their scientific findings to connect them to theories as they seek for further research. References Gines, Adelaida C. General Psychology. Philippines: REX Bookstore, Inc.,2003
Voltaire In Writing Candide History Essay
Voltaire In Writing Candide History Essay Elaborate upon what advantages there might be for Voltaire in writing Candide as a satire (albeit a philosophical one), as opposed to an out-and-out philosophical essay. Satire: An artistic work in which human vice or folly is attacked through irony, derision, or wit. Irony or caustic wit used to expose or attack human folly. American Heritage Dictionary. Voltaire was a French writer, philosopher and one of the leaders of the Enlightenment movement. Voltaire wrote with a critical attitude, yet presented the story of Candide in a humorous manner. The story is fictional, but based on real situations happening in the world at the time Voltaire wrote the story. Voltaire wrote Candide using a lot of satire and irony to get his philosophical points across regarding the main theme of book, optimism. The plot of the story is fast paced, and comes across pretty incredulous as the main characters narrowly escape death over and over again, allowing the chance for the tragedies to compound over and over again using the same characters. It is through all of these horrible experiences the characters in Candide endure that he mocks the idea of a perfect world (optimism), and ends up pointing out how indifferent the world is to humanity in general. One of the advantages to Voltaire writing Candide as a satire instead of a philosophical essay was that it kept him from getting thrown into jail, and potentially helped him to avoid persecution and death. At the time he wrote the book there were some significant events happening in history, and writing Candide was a way for Voltaire to convey information and opinion about the events without necessarily getting himself into trouble. Writing in this manner gave Voltaire the opportunity to make fun of the rich and famous, religion, and events prominent at that point in history. Additionally, writing his accounts in a satirical manner allowed him to criticize what was happening in Europe, by putting his fictional characters in realistic settings allowed him to explore current events. I can almost picture him using the excuse: Why, I wasnt talking about you, its just part of the story! A great example of optimism and irony is expressed in chapter five, where he draws attention to the Lis bon earthquake and the devastation it caused. Candide, injured in the earthquake and trapped underneath a pile of rubble, cries out for help from Pangloss, who comes back simply saying -But these earthquakes are nothing new. The city of Lima in America experienced the same tremors last year: same causes, same effects: there must certainly be a seam of sulphur running underground from Lima to Lisbon. Pangloss continues to assure all that This is all for the best. In chapter four, Pangloss is telling the story of how he contracted syphilis passed down through multiple encounters when he indicates that one of the encounters à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦was a Jesuit who passed it to a page boyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ insinuating the Jesuits being homosexual, a sin in the Roman Catholic Church. He later then goes on to state that if it wasnt for Columbus bringing syphilis to the Americas in the spirit of all is for the bestà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ we wouldnt have the enjoyment of chocolate (the association of syphilis to chocolate in this story has sort of ruined it for me). Another example, leaning more towards a political genre regarding the Seven Year War, is in chapter 23 when Voltaire satirizes the actual death of British Naval Commander John Byng by execution on the deck of his own ship in Portsmouth harbor. In the story, Candide and Martin sail into the Portsmouth Harbor on a Dutch ship, discussing the conflict in North America between the French and the British over Canadian territory, Candide expressing his disdain for the fight over land that had more consequences than what was worth fighting for. In the story they come into Portsmouth Harbor spying on a British admiral who is being executed for failing to engage the enemy properly to win the battle. Candide speaks out What is all thisà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦and what the devil is at work in this world? Why kill this admiral? the answer being à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦He did not get enough people killed when he had the chanceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦but in this count ry it is considered useful now and again to shoot an admiral, to encourage the others. Candide being stunned and shocked by what he heard, refused to set foot on English soil and fled to Venice. This could have made a strong statement to readers, affecting their opinions of England during wartime, especially since the execution of John Byng was such significant event. Candide reminds me of a 1700 version of Saturday Night Live, with all the political and historical satire, done in a clever way as to not get the author in trouble with the masses, yet gets his points across to those who get it and understand the meaning behind the satire. Reflection: Part Two Identify some aspect of contemporary culture (in art, politics, media, science, religion, etc) that has been profoundly shaped by one (or more) of the philosophers weve studied during this course explain the reasons why you make this claim. The Age of Enlightenment, also referred to as the Age of Reason, is centered around a time in history when philosophy centered on reason being the primary source of authority and legitimacy. Enlightenment philosophers believed that science and reason led to progress, that knowledge was attainable by man, (not just a revelation from God), and that man wanted to free himself from existing religious worldview through scientific understanding. The Enlightenment movement developed simultaneously in Europe and the American colonies, and culminated with the liberation of America from England during the American Revolution. Enlightenment principles, developed by philosophers such as Voltaire, Hume and Locke, greatly influenced how the United States government was formed. Since Voltaire is the philosopher I understood the most, I will focus on his philosophies and beliefs. These Enlightenment philosophers had broadened their scope of criticism during this time in history to include religion and politics. Their opinions and ideals influenced the authors of the Declaration if Independence, and the United States Bill of Rights. Voltaire, famous for his satire and advocacy of civil liberties, including freedom of religion and free trade, are ideals that are alive and well today. He was outspoken on social reform despite the strict censorship and penalties in place that prosecuted the violators of that day and age. It is apparent that his philosophies on religion and politics have influenced our government and that those philosophies are still in play today. At the time Voltaire was writing his philosophical ideals, the idea of the Unites States was just being born, and as changes began taking place, like the Revolutionary War and the signing of the Declaration of Independence, it indicated that individuals in Americas history were going beyond discussion o f enlightened ideas, like Voltaires philosophies, but were taking action on them. As far as religious influence, Voltaires ideals about the separation of church and state have probably been one his biggest influence in the American government. The concept of separation of church and state refers to the distance in the relationship between organized religion and the nation state. This all came about from Voltaires critical views on religion, reflecting his belief in the separation of church and state, formed after he had been exiled to England for a time. To explain, during the eighteenth century there was a big push to use rationalism to demonstrate the existence of God. Devotion, reverence and belief were integral parts in the exploration of natural philosophy and ethics in addition to political theories of the age. Voltaire considered himself a deist, expressing the idea what is faith? Is it to believe that which is evident? No. It is perfectly evident to my mind that there exists a necessary, eternal, supreme, and intelligent being. This is no matter of faith, but of reason. Deism is the philosophical belief in a deity based on reason, rather than religious revelation or dogma. Deism greatly influenced the thought of intellectuals and Founding Fathers, including James Madison, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton and George Washington. It is noted that The First Amendment to the Constitution states that Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof, of course lending itself to individual interpretation, the establishment of separation of church and state. Philosophers like Voltaire really got the ball rolling and changed how people were thinking about government. People began to look more intuitively at how the government was run, and started questioning the authority of the rulers. The philosophers believed that written law needed to reflect the general will of the people. The Enlightenment is named so for good reasonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the new ideas that sprang from this movement stated that individuals had rights and that government was a contract between the people and their ruler, and that under this contract both the ruler and citizens had rights and responsibilities. One sided rule was not acceptable anymore. The people wanted change from absolutism and the divine right of kings, and they wanted to have a say in how things were being done. An excellent example of enlightenment thinking is the Declaration of Independence, which marked the beginning of self government in America. In conclusion, Voltaire, along with other Enlightnement philosophers, had great influence in laying the foundation of law and shaping of our country.
Wednesday, October 2, 2019
Cellular Functions Essay -- Biology Biological Essays
Cellular Pathways Several principles govern metabolic pathways in the cell:           A. Complex chemical transformations in the cell do not occur in a single reaction, but in a number of small steps that are connected in a pathway.           B. Each reaction is catalyzed by a specific enzyme.           C. Metabolic pathways is catalyzed by a specific enzyme.           D. Many metabolic pathways are compartmentalized, with certain steps occurring inside an organelle.           E. Metabolic pathways in organisms are regulated by the activities of a few enzyme.                               Obtaining Energy and Electrons from Glucose           The most common fuel for living cells is the sugar Glucose.                Cells trap energy while metabolizing glucose                If glucose is burned in a flame, it readily forms carbon dioxide, water, and a lot of energy----but only if oxygen gas(O2) is present. The balance equation for this combustion reaction is:                                              C6 H12 O6 + 6 O2 ---- 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ENERGY (HEAT AND LIGHT)                This same equation applies to the metabolism of glucose in cells, except that metabolism is a multi-step, controlled series of reactions, ending up with almost half of the energy captured in ATP.                Three metabolic processes play roles in the utilization of glucose for energy: GLYCOSIS, CELLULAR RESPIRATION, AND FERMENTATION.                A. Glycosis is a series of reactions that begins the metabolism of glucose in all cells and produces the three-carbon product pyruvate. A small amount of the energy stored in the glucose is released in usable form.                B. Cellular Respiration occurs when the environment is aerobic (contains oxygen gas , O2), and essentially converts pyruvate to carbon (CO2). In the process, a great deal of the energy stored in the covalent bonds of pyruvate is released and trapped in ATP.                C. Fermentation occurs when the environment is anaerobic (lacking in O2). Instead of energy-poor CO2, relatively energy-rich molecules such as lactic acid or ethanol are produced, so the energy extracted from glucose is far than under aerobic conditions.      Redox reactions transfer electrons and energy           a.Reaction in which one substance transfers one or more electron... ... in glycolysis. This molecule then passes through the rest of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle,where its energy is extracted in NADH and ATP.      B. Lipids are converted to their substituents, glycerol and fatty acids. Glycerol is converted to dihydroxyacetone phosphate, an intermediatein glycolysis, and fatty acids to acetate and then acetyl CoA in the mitochondria. In both cases, further oxidation to CO2 and release of energy of energy then occur.      C. Proteins are hydrolyzed to their amino acid building blocks. The 20 amino acids feeds into glycosis or the citric acid cycle at different points.      Catabolism and Anabolism are Integrated      Glucose is an excellent source of energy. Polysaccharides and fats have no such catalytic roles. The level of acetylCoA rises as a fatty acids are broken down.      Allostery regulates metabolism      Glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the respiratory chain are regulated by allosteric control of the enzymes involved. The main control point in glycolysis is the enzyme PHOFRUCTOKINASE. The main control in the citric acid cycle is the enzyme ISOCITRATE DEHYROGENASE, which converts isocitrate to ketoglutarate..
Tuesday, October 1, 2019
Empty Shoes: The Realization of Teenage Driving Accidents Essay
It is 2 a.m. when Kevin picks up the phone. On the other end, a voice tells him of an accident involving his daughter, Hailey. He and his wife jump out of bed and rush to the scene. Once they arrive, the officer tells them the news. A week later a funeral is held in remembrance of a precocious 16-year-old who was taken too soon. Months pass but the pain still lingers in Kevin’s heart. He decides to speak out at Hailey’s high school and inform the students of the dangers of teenage driving. When he is done speaking, a teacher comes up to him and thanks him for what he has done. She too has lost a child to teenage driving and has found it hard to deal with, even though it has been 5 years since the passing. Kevin then realizes there are other families who are grieving over the same situation. After he leaves the school, he calls his wife and tells her how they can help prevent teen deaths. They pack up their belongings and head out to inform various high school s of the increasing teen accident rates. During each presentation, Hailey’s shoes are brought out as a reminder of the results of her accident. When the presentation concludes, students are required to fill out a survey. As Kevin reads through them, satisfaction arises and he knows he and his wife have conquered what they set out to do. While driving is a privilege, teens often forget this and instead make senseless decisions, which ends up costing them their life or someone else’s. When a teen is finally able to acquire a driver’s license, they are overwhelmed. No more having to worry about their parents riding with them and critiquing their every move. But what actually happens when parents are taken out of the vehicle? According to the Iowa DOT, â€Å"Take m... ...i, Wendy. â€Å"Kyleigh’s Law: Does it protect or further endanger teen drivers?†20 September 2010. Web. 6 December 2010. Clarridge, Christine. â€Å"When a Teen-Age Driver Gambles and Loses.†The Seattle Times (Seattle, WA). 7 May 2000: A1+. SIRS Researcher. Web. 7 December 2010. â€Å"Increasing seat belt use among teens: A summary of research, resources, and programs.†April 2007. Web. 6 December 2010. â€Å"Teen Crash Facts.†Iowa Department of Transportation. 24 January 2008. Web. 4 December 2010. â€Å"Teen Driving Statistics.†Rocky Mountain Insurance Information Association. Web. 5 December 2010. â€Å"Teens speak out about driving under the influence of texts.†12 March 2010. Web. 6 December 2010. â€Å"Prevent Teen Deaths from Motor Vehicle Crashes.†Iowa Health System. Web. 5 December 2010.
Value Of Money
Today people value many different things. What people value too much today is money. It has been said that money is the root of all evil, and that seems to be true more and more so each year. Some money is necessary to live, and to live comfortably making $100,000 a year, there is no one that needs more money than that to live. Too many people place too much value on money. People go to work for 8 hours a day, come home, and have to feed their families and pay bills, and they always complain about the lack of money. This is true to some extent, but it is not necessarly what they make that is hurting them, it is hat they are spending. People in general make decent money but they blow it all on fancy cars, or eating out, or not investing properly. If they valued saving money, or didn t value what extra comes with money, people would be in a better place both mentally and in financial standing. Every advertisement and every media presentation has people in America thinking they are not good enough. They need to look better, need to buy better clothes, they need to eat at a nicer restaurant, they need to make more money, and spend it on what is being advertised. The media plays a role much too large in our everyday life. They show the extreme sides of life, and very little in between. Everyone seems to get what they want, and that takes money. Take for example all the ciggeratte advertisements. Something as simple as a ciggeratte advertisement says a lot about ourselves. We value looking good, feeling good, all the time. That is not what life is about, life is about working hard and achieving, even if it is for personal gain. Once we achieve something, then we should save it, not waste it, but the media and advertisements encourage us to do just the opposite. Money isn t always the most important thing in life. There are other things more mportant, like personal health and general welfare. Sometimes people will do dangerous things that could cause them to be hurt, maimed, jailed, or even killed, and they do them anyway in order to get the money. Theives break into houses, risking their personal freedom, just to get a couple of hundreds of dollars worth of things to sell. Some people even risk their safety to get paid, like the people who volunteer for experimental drugs. They don t know what effect the drugs could have on them, but they want to get paid, so they try the treatment anyways, neverminding the harmful effects that could even kill them. If only the people realized that there are things in life more important than a few hundred dollars. They sometimes don t take into account that they could die of some allergic reaction or a heart attack but by then it is too late, they traded their life for a few hundred dollars. Not worth it. Money is something that we value too much. The media puts too much pressure on us to make money, people see that, and then they think higher of someone if they are rich. They may not be loved, but at least they are rich. This is not the smartest thing. We should take a step back from all the hype, and look and see what is really important. Is it the money? or is it what we go through, all the trials and work that we must pass in order to achieve the money? Everyday people wish they were rich, but they never take the proper steps to achieving wealth. They see the nice car and the big house, but they never see the personal sacrifices the people made to get where they are, like saving for a rainy day, spending wisely, living below ones means, and investing for the purpose of making more money later in life, rather than instant gratification now. When people learn these lessons, they may have a better appriciation for money and even for life.
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